[Sökformulär] [Info om databasen] [Söktips]

Findoc: söktermen indexes='diplomacy' gav 20 träffar


 
1. Beck, Robert J. (ed) : International rules, 1996
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

International rules : approaches from international law and international relations / Beck, Robert J. (ed) ; Arend, Anthony Clark (ed.) ; Lugt, Robert D. Vander (ed.), xvi, 310 p.. - New York : Oxford U. P., 1996.

ISBN 0-19-508540-X

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: The chapters are:. 1. International law and international relations : the prospects for interdisciplinary collaboration, by Robert J. Beck. 2. Natural law, by Hugo Grotius. 3. Legal positivism, by Hans Kelsen and H. L. A. Hart. 4. Classical realism, by George F. Kennan and Dean Acheson. 5. The new Haven School, by Myres S. McDougal and Harold D. Lasswell. 6. Structural realism, by Joseph M. Grieco. 7. Institutionalist approaches, by Stephen Krasner, Robert O. Keohane, Andrew Hurrell. 8. The new stream, by David Kennedy. 9. Feminist voices, by Hilary Charlesworth, Christine Chinkin and Shelley Wright. 10. Toward an understanding of international legal rules, by Anthony Clark Arend. 8.

INDEX WORDS:
* naturrätt = natural law = luonnonoikeus
* diplomati = diplomacy = diplomatia
* feminism = feminism = naisasialiike
* allmän ordning = public order = yleinen järjestys
* rätt till utveckling = right to development = oikeus kehitykseen
* CEDAW Committee = CEDAW Committee = CEDAW Committee
* implementering = implementation = toteuttaminen

NOTE (GENERAL): UN charter; Declaration on the right to development; CEDAW; ICESCR;

 
2. Gilbert, Geoff : Transnational fugitive offenders in international law, 1998
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph series

Transnational fugitive offenders in international law : extradition and other mechanisms / Gilbert, Geoff - (International studies in human rights ; vol. 55 ), xxxi, 486 p.. - Hague : Martinus Nijhoff publ., 1998.

ISBN 90-411-1041-2

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: CONTENTS:. 1. Transnational fugitive offenders in context. PART I - Extradition and transnational fugitive offenders: 1. Mechanisms for international extradition. 2. Procedural aspects of extraditional law. 3. Extradition and human rights. 4. Restrictions on return. 5. The political offence exemption. PART II - Alternative mechanisms for dealing with transnational fugitive offenders:. 1. Irregual forms of rendition. 2. Transnational fugitive offenders and armed conflicts. 3. Refuge and return.

INDEX WORDS:
* väpnad konflikt = armed conflict = aseellinen selkkaus
* asyl = asylum = turvapaikka
* Europarådet = Council of Europe = Euroopan Neuvosto
* brott mot mänskligheten = crimes against humanity = rikos ihmisyyttä vastaan
* dödsstraff = death penalty = kuolemanrangaistus
* deporterade personer = deported persons = karkotetut henkilöt
* diplomati = diplomacy = diplomatia
* immunitet = immunity = koskemattomuus
* EU = EU = EU
* utlämning = extradition = luovuttaminen
* social utslagning = social exclusion = sosiaalinen syrjäytyminen
* grova brott mot mänskliga rättigheter = gross violations of human rights = törkeät ihmisoikeusloukkaukset
* folkmord = genocide = kansanmurha
* mänskliga rättigheter = human rights = ihmisoikeudet
* tortyr = torture = kidutus
* invandring = immigration = maahanmuutto
* ICRC = ICRC = ICRC
* ICJ = ICJ = ICJ
* internationell straffrätt = international criminal justice = kansainvälinen rikosoikeus
* nationalitet = nationality = kansallisuus
* PLO = PLO = PLO
* internationella tribunalen för krigsförbrytelser = international tribunal on war crimes (ICTY and ICTR) = kansainvälinen sotarikostuomioistuin
* flyktingar = refugees = pakolaiset
* Säkerhetsrådet = Security Council = Turvallisuusneuvosto
* statssuccession = state succession = valtioseuraanto
* återsändningsförbud = non-refoulement principle = palautuskielto
* krigsförbrytelser = war crimes = sotarikokset
* terrorism = terrorism = terrorismi
* europeiska domstolen för de mänskliga rättigheterna = European Court of Human Rights = Euroopan ihmisoikeustuomioistuin
* rättsfall/rättspraxis = cases/case law = oikeustapaukset/oikeuskäytäntö
* rådgivande yttrande = advisory opinion = neuvoa-antava mielipide
* kommittén för de mänskliga rättigheterna (FN) = Human Rights Committee (UN) = ihmisoikeuskomitea (YK)

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Afghanistan / Algeria / Argentina / Australia / Austria / Belgium / Bolivia / Bosnia-Herzegovina / Brazil / Burma / Cambodia / Canada / Vhile / Colombia / Costa Rica / Croatia / Cuba / Cyprus / Czech Republic / Denmark / Eastern Europe / Egypt / El Salvador / Finland / USSR / Former Yugoslavia / France / Gambia / Germany / Ghana / Greece / Hong Kong / Iceland / India / Ireland / Israel / Italy / Japan / Jordan / Kenya / Kuwait / Latin America / Libya / Lithuania / Luxembourg / Malaysia / Morocco / Mozambique / Netherlands / New Zealand / Nicaragua / Norway / Peru / Poland / Portugal / Rhodesia / Rwanda / Saudi Arabia / Seychelles / Sierra Leone / Singapore / Slovak Republic / South Africa / Spain / Sri Lanka / Sudan / Sweden / Switzerland / Syria / Thailand / Turkey / United Arab Emirates / United Kingdom / USA / Uruguay / Vatican City / Yemen / zambia / Zimbabwe

NOTE (GENERAL): ICCPR; ECHR; ACHPR; Refugee convention; CAT; ACHPR; Geneva conventions; UDHR-14; Declaration on territorium asylum; Draft convention on territorial asylum; Convention on the safety of United Nations and associated personnel; European extradition convention; Benelux convention on extradition and judicial assistance in penal matters; Inter-American convention on extradition; UN charter; Hague convention for the suppression of unlawful sezure of aircraft; European convention on the suppression of terrorism;

 
3. Leurdijk, Dijk A. : Kosovo, 1999
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial

Kosovo : a case of 'coercive diplomacy' / Leurdijk, Dijk A.

REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): Helsinki monitor : vol. 10; no. 2., p. 8-18. - Hague : Netherlands Helsinki and International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights, 1999. - ISSN 0925-0972

LANGUAGE: ENG

INDEX WORDS:
* diplomati = diplomacy = diplomatia
* NATO = NATO = NATO
* OSSE = OSCE = ETYJ
* EU = EU = EU
* FN = UN = YK
* Säkerhetsrådet = Security Council = Turvallisuusneuvosto

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Bosnia-Herzegovina

 
4. Wan, Ming : Human rights in Chinese foreign relations defining and defending national interests, 2001
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Human rights in Chinese foreign relations defining and defending national interests : defining and defending national interests / Wan, Ming, 192 p.. - Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001.

ISBN 0-8122-3597-5

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: CONTENTS:. 1. Introduction. 2. Chinese views of human rights. 3. Human rights and Sino-U.S.relations. 4. Human rights and Sino-European relations. 5. Human rights and Sino-Japanese relations. 6. Human rights and Sino-Un relations. 7. Conclusion.

INDEX WORDS:
* rasism = racism = rasismi
* mänskliga rättigheter = human rights = ihmisoikeudet
* diplomati = diplomacy = diplomatia
* internationell handel = international trade = kansainvälinen kauppa
* sexslavar = sex slaves = seksiorjat
* NGO = NGO = NGO
* ICRC = ICRC = ICRC
* kommittén för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Human Rights Committee (UN) = ihmisoikeuskomitea
* Världsbanken = World Bank = maailmanpankki
* WTO = WTO = WTO

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Japan / Asia / Australia / Austria / Bangladesh / Hong Kong / Cambodia / Canada / Denmark / Egypt / Ethiopia / France / Netherlands / India / Indonesia / Luxembourg / Malaysia / Myanmar / Norway / Pakistan / Portugal / Serbia / Yugoslavia / Singapore / South Africa / Spain / Sri Lanka / Sweden / Syria / Taiwan / Thailand / Tibet / Turkey / Ukraine

NOTE (GENERAL): CAT; CEDAW; Refugee convention; ICESCR; CERD; Genocide convention;

URL http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/book/13504.html

 
5. Lee, Eric Y. J. : Early development of modern international law in East Asia, 2002
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial

Early development of modern international law in East Asia / Lee, Eric Y. J.

REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): Journal of the history of international law = Revue d´histoire du droit international : vol. 4; no. 1., p. 42-76. - Hague : Kluwer Law, 2002. - ISSN 1388-199X

LANGUAGE: ENG

INDEX WORDS:
* internationell rätt = international law = kansainvälinen oikeus
* diplomati = diplomacy = diplomatia

 
6. Salton, Herman : Independent people?, 2005
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial

Independent people? : Iceland, Falun Gong and the visit of the Chinese President in 2002 / Salton, Herman

REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): Nordisk tidsskrift for menneskerettigheter = Nordic journal of human rights : vol. 23; no. 3., p. 245-260. - Oslo : Universitetsforlaget, 2005. - ISSN 1503-6480

LANGUAGE: ENG

INDEX WORDS:
* yttrandefrihet = freedom of expression = ilmaisuvapaus
* rörelsefrihet = freedom of movement = liikkumisvapaus
* religionsfrihet = freedom of religion = uskonnonvapaus
* diplomati = diplomacy = diplomatia

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Iceland / China

 
7. Cass, Deborah Z. : The constitutionalization of the World Trade Organization, 2005
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

The constitutionalization of the World Trade Organization : legitimacy, democracy and community in the international trading system / Cass, Deborah Z. - (International economic law series), xxvi, 266 p.. - Oxford : Oxford U. P., 2005.

ISBN 0-19-928463-6

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: CONTENTS:. PART I: THE ORIGINS OF THE WTO CONSTITUTIONALIZATION DEBATE. 1. INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND CONSTITUTIONALIZATION. 2. CONSTITUTIONALIZATION: THE RECEIVED ACCOUNT. 3. THE INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW BACKGROUND. PART II: THREE VISIONS OF WTO CONSTITUTIONALIZATION:. 4. INSTITUTIONAL MANAGERIALISM. 5. RIGHTS-BASED CONSTITUTIONALIZATION. 6. JUDICIAL NORM-GENERATION. PART III: TRADING DEMOCRACY :. 7. ANTI-CONSTITUTIONALIZATION CRITIQUE.

INDEX WORDS:
* WTO = WTO = WTO
* internationell handel = international trade = kansainvälinen kauppa
* ansvarighet = accountability = vastuullisuus
* medborgarskap = citizenship = kansalaisuus
* demokrati = democracy = demokratia
* u-länder = developing countries = kehitysmaat
* fredlig lösning av tvister = dispute settlement = riitaisuuksien rauhanomainen selvittäminen
* diplomati = diplomacy = diplomatia
* välfärd = welfare = hyvinvointi
* jämlikhet = equality = tasa-arvo
* EG = EC = EY
* globalisering = globalization = globalisaatio
* icke-diskriminering = non-discrimination = syrjintäkielto
* mänskliga rättigheter = human rights = ihmisoikeudet
* ILO = ILO = ILO
* Världsbanken = World Bank = Maailmanpankki
* IMF = IMF = IMF
* legitimitet = legitimacy = legitimiteetti
* NIEO = NIEO = UKTJ
* NGO = NGO = NGO
* non-state actors = non-state actors = non-state actors
* fattigdom = poverty = köyhyys
* suveränitet = sovereignty = suvereniteetti
* ekonomiska rättigheter = economic rights = taloudelliset oikeudet
* sociala rättigheter = social rights = sosiaaliset oikeudet
* autonomi = autonomy = autonomia
* UNCTAD = UNCTAD = UNCTAD
* beslutsfattande = decision-making = päätöksenteko
* immaterialrätt = intellectual property rights = immateriaalioikeus
* ECJ = ECJ = ECJ
* rättsfall/rättspraxis = cases/case law = oikeustapaukset
* PCIJ = PCIJ = PCIJ
* ICJ = ICJ = ICJ

NOTE (GENERAL): Charter of economic rights and duties; ICCPR; ICESCR; ICJ statute; Vienna convention on the law of treaties; Doha declaration;

URL http://www.oup.co.uk/isbn/0-19-928463-6

 
8. Künzli, Annemarieke : Exercising diplomatic protection, 2006
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial

Exercising diplomatic protection : the fine line between litigation, demarches and consular assistance / Künzli, Annemarieke

REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht [=ZaöRV] : 66/2., p. 321-350. - Heidelberg : Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht, 2006. - ISSN 0044-2348

LANGUAGE: ENG

INDEX WORDS:
* internationell rätt = international law = kansainvälinen oikeus
* diplomati = diplomacy = diplomatia
* diplomatiskt skydd = diplomatic protection = diplomaattinen suoja
* FN:s folkrättskommission = International Law Commission (ILC) = kansainvälisen oikeuden toimikunta

NOTE (GENERAL): Vienna convention on diplomatic relations; Vienna convention on consular relations

URL http://www.zaoerv.de/66_2006/66_2006_2_a_321_350.pdf

 
9. Pergantis, Vasileios : Towards a "humanization" of diplomatic protection?, 2006
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial

Towards a "humanization" of diplomatic protection? / Pergantis, Vasileios

REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht [=ZaöRV] : 66/2., p. 351-397. - Heidelberg : Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht, 2006. - ISSN 0044-2348

LANGUAGE: ENG

INDEX WORDS:
* diplomati = diplomacy = diplomatia
* diplomatiskt skydd = diplomatic protection = diplomaattinen suoja
* FN:s folkrättskommission = International Law Commission (ILC) = kansainvälisen oikeuden toimikunta
* ICJ = ICJ = ICJ
* erga omnes = erga omnes = erga omnes
* peremptory norms = jus cogens = jus cogens

NOTE (GENERAL): Vienna convention on consular relations

URL http://www.zaoerv.de/66_2006/66_2006_2_a_351_398.pdf

 
10. Martin, Curtis H. : Rewarding North Korea, 2002
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial

Rewarding North Korea : theoretical perspectives on the 1994 agreed framework / Martin, Curtis H.

REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): Journal of peace research : vol. 39; no. 1., p. 51-68. - London : SAGE, 2002. - ISSN 0022-3433

LANGUAGE: ENG

INDEX WORDS:
* sanktioner = sanctions = pakotteet
* kärnvapen = nuclear weapons = ydinaseet
* diplomati = diplomacy = diplomatia

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: North Korea

URL http://jpr.sagepub.com/

 
11. Lieberfeld, Daniel : Evaluating the contributions of track-two diplomacy to conflict termination in South Africa, 1984-90, 2002
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial

Evaluating the contributions of track-two diplomacy to conflict termination in South Africa, 1984-90 / Lieberfeld, Daniel

REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): Journal of peace research : vol. 39; no. 3., p. 355-372. - London : SAGE, 2002. - ISSN 0022-3433

LANGUAGE: ENG

INDEX WORDS:
* diplomati = diplomacy = diplomatia
* apartheid = apartheid = rotusorto

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: South Africa

URL http://jpr.sagepub.com/

 
12. Lowe, Vaughan ... [et al.] : The United Nations Security Council and war, 2008
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

The United Nations Security Council and war : the evolution of thought and practice since 1945 / Lowe, Vaughan ... [et al.], xxi, 793 p.. - Oxford : Oxford U. P., 2008.

ISBN 978-0-19-953343-5

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: 1. Introduction , Vaughan Lowe, Adam Roberts, Jennifer Welsh and Dominik Zaum . Part I: The Framework:. 2. A Council for All Seasons: The Creation of the Security Council and Its Relevance Today , Ed Luck 3. The Charter Limitations on the Use of Force: Theory and Practice , Christine Gray 4. Proposals for UN Standing Forces: A Critical History, Adam Roberts. Part II: The Roles of the Security Council:. 5. The Great Powers and the Security Council , Nico Krisch 6. The Security Council, the General Assembly, and War: The Uniting for Peace Resolution , Dominik Zaum 7. The Security Council and Peacekeeping , Mats Berdal 8. The Security Council's Use of Economic Sanctions , David Cortright, George Lopez, and Linda Gerber Stellingwerf 9. The Authorization by the Security Council of Regional Arrangements to Use Force: The Case of NATO , Dan Sarooshi 10. The Security Council in the Post-Cold War World, Jeremy Greenstock. Part III: Case Studies.. 11. The United Nations, the Security Council, and the Korean War , William Stueck 12. The Suez Crisis and the British Dilemma at the United Nations , Roger Louis 13. The Security Council and the Arab-Israeli Wars: Responsibility without Power , Bruce Jones 14. The Security Council and the India-Pakistan Conflict , Rahul Roy-Chaudhury 15. The Security Council and the Question of East Timor' , Peter Carey with Pat Walsh 16. The Security Council and the Iran-Iraq War , Charles Tripp 17. The Security Council and the 1991 and 2003 Iraq Wars , James Cockayne and David Malone 18. The Security Council and the Wars in the former Yugoslavia , Susan Woodward 19. The Security Council and the Bosnia Conflict: A Practitioner's View , Rupert Smith 20. The Security Council and Afghanistan , Gilles Dorronsoro 21. The Security Council and Three Wars in West Africa , Adekeye Adebajo 22. The Security Council in the Wings: Exploring the Non-Involvement of the Security Council in Wars , J.P.D. Dunbabin. Part IV: The Security Council and the Changing Character of War:. 23. The Different Functions of the Security Council with Respect to Humanitarian Law , Georg Nolte 24. The Security Council and Interventions with Humanitarian Purposes , Jennifer Welsh 25. The Security Council and International Administration of War-Torn and Contested Territories , Richard Caplan 26. The Security Council and International Law on Military Occupations , David Scheffer 27. The Security Council and Terrorism , Jane Boulden 28. The Security Council and the Use of Private Force , Sarah Percy 1. UN Peacekeeping Operations, 1945 - 2006 2. UN Forces, Missions, and Institutions not Classified as Peacekeeping Operations, 1945 - 2006 3. UN-Authorized Military Operations, 1945 - 2006 4. UN-Authorized Sanctions, 1945 - 2006 5. Vetoed Security Council Resolutions, 1945 - 2006 6. Uses of the Uniting for Peace Resolution, 1950 - 2006 7. List of Armed Conflicts and Crises, 1945 - 2006.

INDEX WORDS:
* ansvarighet = accountability = vastuullisuus
* aggression = aggression = hyökkäys
* väpnad konflikt = armed conflict = aseellinen selkkaus
* kemiska vapen = chemical weapons = kemialliset aseet
* barn = children = lapset
* kollektiv säkerhet = collective security = kollektiivinen turvallisuus
* korruption = corruption = korruptio
* brott mot mänskligheten = crimes against humanity = rikos ihmisyyttä vastaan
* internationell humanitär rätt = customary international law = kansainvälinen tapaoikeus
* Säkerhetsrådet = Security Council = Turvallisuusneuvosto
* diskriminering = discrimination = syrjintä
* diplomati = diplomacy = diplomatia
* avkolonisering = decolonization = ihmisoikeudet
* u-länder = developing countries = kehitysmaat
* sanktioner = sanctions = pakotteet
* val = elections = vaalit
* EU = EU = EU
* folkmord = genocide = kansanmurha
* mänskliga rättigheter = human rights = ihmisoikeudet
* humanitär intervention = humanitarian intervention = humanitaarinen interventio
* ICJ = ICJ = ICJ
* internationella tribunalen för krigsförbrytelser = international tribunal on war crimes (ICTY and ICTR) = kansainvälinen sotarikostuomioistuin
* jus in bello = jus in bello = jus in bello
* massaker = massacre = verilöyly
* NATO = NATO = NATO
* kärnvapen = nuclear weapons = ydinaseet
* OAS = OAS = OAS
* fredsbevarande styrkor = peace-keeping forces = rauhanturvajoukot
* krigsfångar = prisoners of war = sotavangit
* flyktingar = refugees = pakolaiset
* resolutioner = resolutions = päätöslauselmat
* självbestämmanderätt = self-determination = itsemääräämisoikeus
* självförsvar = self-defence = itsepuolustus
* suveränitet = sovereignty = suvereniteetti
* terrorism = terrorism = terrorismi
* massförstörelsevapen = weapons of mass destruction (=WMD) = joukkotuhoaseet

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Afghanistan / Africa / Albania / Angola / Australia / Austria / Bosnia-Herzegovina / China / Congo / Croatia / Denmark / Egypt / El Salvador / Ethiopia / Eritrea / France / Germany / Greece / Haiti / Hungary / India / Pakistan / Indonesia / Iran / Iraq / Israel / Lebanon / Libya / Liberia / Mexico / Namibia / Nigeria / Norway / Palestine / Russian Federation / Rwanda / Rhodesia / Serbia / Sudan / Sweden / Syria / Taiwan / Uruguay / Former Yugoslavia

LOCAL GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Kosovo

NOTE (GENERAL): UN charter (chapt.VII); Geneva conventions; CRC;

 
13. Cremona, Marise (ed.) : EU foreign relations law, 2008
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

EU foreign relations law : constitutional fundamentals : essays in European law / Cremona, Marise (ed.) ; de Witte, Bruno - (Essays in European law ; vol. 13), xv, 324 p.. - Oxford : Hart publ., 2008.

ISBN 978-1-84113-757-5

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: Contents:. I. EU Foreign Relations: Law and Constitution. 1. Too much constitutional law in the European Union’s Foreign Relations?, by Bruno de Witte. II: Foreign Relations Law in a Multi-Pillar Era: 2. Much Ado About Pluto? The ‘Unity of the European Union Legal Order’ Revisited, Christoph Herrmann. 3. The Law and Practice of CFSP Joint Actions, Alan Dashwood. 4. Restraining External Competences of EU Member States under CFSP, Christophe Hillion and Ramses Wessell. III. The EU and its Member States: 5. Defending the Community Interest: the Duties of Cooperation and Compliance, by Marise Cremona. 6. Legal Basis and Delimitation of Competence in EU External Relations, by Panos Koutrakos. IV Executive Accountability: 7. Parliamentary Involvement in European International Relations, by Daniel Thym. 8. Fundamental What? The Difficult Relationship between Foreign Policy and Fundamental Rights, by Eleanor Spaventa. V EU Foreign Relations, Human Rights and International Law: 9. The Journey Towards All that is Good and Beautiful: Human Rights and ‘Common Values’ as Guiding Principles of EU Foreign Relations Law, by Päivi Leino. 10. Effects of International Agreements in the EU Legal Order, by Christine Kaddous.

INDEX WORDS:
* ansvarighet = accountability = vastuullisuus
* rättsfall/rättspraxis = cases/case law = oikeustapaukset/oikeuskäytäntö
* CFSP = CFSP = YUTP
* ECJ = ECJ = ECJ
* strafflag = criminal law = rikoslaki
* utvecklingssamarbete = development co-operation = kehitysyhteistyö
* diplomati = diplomacy = diplomatia
* jämlik behandling = equal treatment = tasa-arvoinen kohtelu
* EU = EU = EU
* miljöpolitik = environmental policy = ympäristöpolitiikka
* grundläggande rättigheter = fundamental rights = perusoikeudet
* internationella relationer = foreign relations = kansainväliset suhteet
* nationella domstolar = national courts = kansalliset tuomioistuimet
* icke-diskriminering = non-discrimination = syrjintäkielto
* non-state actors = non-state actors = non-state actors
* rättsstatsprincip = rule of law = oikeusvaltioperiaate
* sanktioner = sanctions = pakotteet
* suveränitet = sovereignty = suvereniteetti
* terrorister = terrorists = terroristit
* traktatkompetens = treaty-making competence = kelpoisuus solmia sopimuksia
* WTO = WTO = WTO

NOTE (GENERAL): ToA; EU constitutional treaty; TEU; Rotterdam convention; SEA; Treaty of Lisbon; UN charter; Vienna convention on the law of treaties;

LIBRARY LOCATION: Europarätt

URL http://www.hartpub.co.uk/books/details.asp?isbn=9781841137575

 
14. Weller, Marc (ed.) : Settling self-determination disputes, 2008
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Settling self-determination disputes : complex power-sharing in theory and practice / Weller, Marc (ed.) ; Metzger, Barbara ; Johnson, Niall (ass.ed.), xvii, 793 p.. - Leiden : Martinus Nijhoff publ., 2008.

ISBN 978-9004-16482-6

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: Part I: Preface; Introduction: Settling Self-determination Conflicts: an introduction, by Marc Weller. SECTION ONE:FRAMEWORK AND CASE STUDIES: Part 1: Historical and Theoretical Framework:. Chapter 1: Nationalism, Self-Determination and the Doctrine of Territorial Unity, by James Mayall. Chapter 2: Why the Legal Rules on Self-determination do not Resolve Self-determination Disputes, by Marc Weller. Chapter 3: The Logics of Power-Sharing, Consociation and Pluralist Federations, by Brendan O’Leary. Part 2: Case Studies:. Chapter 4: Complex Power-Sharing in and over Northern Ireland: A Self-determination Agreement, a Treaty, a Consociation, a Federacy, Matching Confederal Institutions, Inter-Governmentalism and a Peace Process, by Brendan O’Leary. Chapter 5: Resolving the Bougainville Self-determination Dispute: Autonomy or Complex Power-Sharing?, by Anthony J. Regan. Chapter 6: Resolving Self-determination Disputes Thorough Complex Power-Sharing Arrangements: The Case of Mindanao, Southern Philippines, by Mark Turner. Chapter 7: Power Sharing and International Intervention: Overcoming the Post-Conflict Legacy in Bosnia and Herzegovina, by Florian Bieber. Chapter 8: Interim Governance for Kosovo: The Rambouillet Agreement and the Constitutional Framework Developed under UN Administration, by Marc Weller. Chapter 9: Power-sharing in Macedonia?, by Farimah Daftary /Eben Friedman. Chapter 10: Gagauzia and Moldova: Experiences in Power-sharing, by Priit Jaerve. Chapter 11: Case-study of the Conflict in South Ossetia, by Ketevan Tsikhelashvili and Natasha Ubilava. SECTION TWO: CROSS-CUTTING ANALYSIS: Part 3: Vertical Power-sharing:. Chapter 12: Addressing the Self-determination Dispute, by Marc Weller. Chapter 13: Power-sharing and the Vertical Layering of Authority: A Review of Current Practices, by Stefan Wolff. Chapter 14: Electoral Arrangements in Systems of Complex Power Sharing, by Andrew Reynolds. Chapter 15: Third Party Involvement in Self-determination Conflicts, by Ulrich Schneckener. Part 4: Functional Power-sharing:. Chapter 16: Education, by Mark Turner. Chapter 17: Resolving Self-Determination Disputes Using Complex Power-sharing: The role of Economic Policies, by John Bradley. Chapter 18: Policing Territories Previously Subject to civil war and ethnic violence, by Philip Towle. Chapter 19: The military dimension of security sector governance in complex power-sharing arrangements, by Paul Cornish. Chapter 20: Transforming justice, reclaiming the ruleof law: legal transition in complex power-sharing arrangements, by Angela Hegarty. Chapter 21: The role of human and minority rights in complex power-sharing, by Jennifer Jackson-Preece. Chapter 22: 'Bridges' in self-determination disputes? External relations of sub-national entities and minority groups, by Francesco Palermo.

INDEX WORDS:
* apartheid = apartheid = rotusorto
* assimilering = assimilation = assimilaatio
* autonomi = autonomy = autonomia
* medborgarskap = citizenship = kansalaisuus
* kolonialism = colonialism = kolonialismi
* ursprungsfolk = indigenous peoples = alkuperäiskansat
* minoritetsgrupper = minority groups = vähemmistöryhmät
* etniska konflikter = ethnic conflicts = etniset selkkaukset
* väpnad konflikt = armed conflict = aseellinen selkkaus
* författning/grundlag = constitution = perustuslaki/valtiosääntö
* självbestämmanderätt = self-determination = itsemääräämisoikeus
* beslutsfattande = decision-making = päätöksenteko
* demilitarisering = demilitarisation = demilitarisointi
* fredlig lösning av tvister = dispute settlement = riitaisuuksien rauhanomainen selvittäminen
* demokrati = democracy = demokratia
* diplomati = diplomacy = diplomatia
* ekonomiska rättigheter = economic rights = taloudelliset oikeudet
* rätt till undervisning = right to education = oikeus opetukseen
* val = elections = vaalit
* jämlikhet = equality = tasa-arvo
* EU = EU = EU
* folkmord = genocide = kansanmurha
* mänskliga rättigheter = human rights = ihmisoikeudet
* humanitär rätt = humanitarian law = humanitaarinen oikeus
* integration = integration = integraatio
* intervention = intervention = interventio
* jurisdiktion = jurisdiction = lainkäyttö
* minoritetsgrupper = minority groups = vähemmistöryhmät
* nationella minoriteter = national minorities = kansalliset vähemmistöt
* nationalism = nationalism = nationalismi
* nationalitet = nationality = kansallisuus
* muslimer = Muslims = muslimit
* OSSE = OSCE = ETYJ
* fred och säkerhet = peace and security = rauha ja turvallisuus
* fredsbevarande styrkor = peacekeeping forces = rauhanturvajoukot
* folkomröstning = referendum = kansanäänestys
* flyktingar = refugees = pakolaiset
* rättsstatsprincip = rule of law = oikeusvaltioperiaate
* utbrytning = secession = vetäytyminen
* suveränitet = sovereignty = suvereniteetti
* terrorism = terrorism = terrorismi
* användning av maktmedel = use of force = voimakeinojen käyttö
* våld = violence = väkivalta
* affirmative action = affirmative action = affirmative action
* romer = Roma = romanit
* nationella minoriteter = national minorities = kansalliset vähemmistöt

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Albania / Argentina / Australia / Argentina / Belgium / Bosnia-Herzegovina / Bulgaria / Burma / Canada / Chechnya / Congo / Corsica / Croatia / Cyprus / Czech Republic / East Timor / Eritrea / Ethiopia / Finland / Georgia / Germany / Gibraltar / Greece / Iceland / Indonesia / Iraq / Ireland / Israel / Italy / Latvia / Lithuania / Malaysia / Mauritania / Moldova / Montenegro / Netherlands / New Zealand / Nigeria / Norway / palestine / Pakistan / Paraguay / Philippines / Portugal / Quebec / Romania / Russian Federation / Scotland / Russian Federation / Rwanda / Slovak Republic / Somalia / South Africa / USSr / Sri Lanka / Spain / Serbia / Sweden / Switzerland / Taiwan / Tanzania / Turkey / Tibet / United Kingdom / USA / Yugoslavia

LOCAL GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Aaland Islands Kosovo

NOTE (GENERAL): AMR; Dayton peace accords; European charter for regional or minority languages; ECHR; Framework convention on the protection of national minorities; UN charter; ICCPR; Declaration on the rights of minorities;

URL http://www.brill.nl/default.aspx?partid=210&pid=30055

 
15. Koopmans, sven M.G. : Diplomatic dispute settlement, 2008
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Diplomatic dispute settlement : the use of inter-state conciliation / Koopmans, sven M.G., xv, 304 p.. - Hague : T.M.C. Asser Press, 2008.

ISBN 978-90-6704-260-4

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: CONTENTS:. Introduction. 1. Diplomatic dispute settlement and inter-state conciliation. 2. The development of inter-state conciliation. 3. Conciliation and the law. 4. Conciliation and specific norms. 5. The use of inter-state conciliation.

INDEX WORDS:
* skiljedom = arbitration = sovittelu
* diplomati = diplomacy = diplomatia
* EU = EU = EU
* europeiska domstolen för de mänskliga rättigheterna = European Court of Human Rights = Euroopan ihmisoikeustuomioistuin
* ECJ = ECJ = ECJ
* erga omnes = erga omnes = erga omnes
* mänskliga rättigheter = human rights = ihmisoikeudet
* ICJ = ICJ = ICJ
* IMF = IMF = IMF
* peremptory norms = jus cogens = jus cogens
* NGO = NGO = NGO
* OSSE = OSCE = ETYJ
* OAS = OAS = OAS
* PCIJ = PCIJ = PCIJ
* statsansvar = state responsibility = valtiovastuu
* Världsbanken = World Bank = Maailmanpankki
* WTO = WTO = WTO
* WIPO = WIPO = WIPO

NOTE (GENERAL): ECHR; CAT; CEDAW; Convention on biological diversity; ECHRP-11; ECHRP-14; Framework convention on climate change; UN charter; Vienna convention onthe law of treaties;

URL http://www.asserpress.nl/

 
16. Brownlie, Ian : Principles of public international law, 2008
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Principles of public international law / Brownlie, Ian. - 7th ed.., li, 784 p. . - Oxford : Oxford U. P., 2008.

ISBN 978-0-19-921770-0

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: Part I - Preliminary Topics:. 1: Sources of the law. 2: The relation of municipal and international law. Part II - Personality and Recognition:. 3: Subjects of the law. 4: Incidence and continuity of statehood. 5: Recognition of states and governments. Part III - Territorial Sovereignty:. 6: Territorial sovereignty. 7: The creation and transfer of territorial sovereignty. 8: Status of territory. Part IV - Law of the Sea:. 9: Territorial sea, contiguous zones, and exclusive economic zones. 10: The continental shelf: Delimination of shelf areas and exclusive economic zones. 11: The regime of the high seas. Part V - Common Amenities and Co-operation in the use of Resources:. 12: Common amenities and co-operation in the use of resources. 13: Legal aspects of the protection of the environment. Part VI - State Jurisdiction:. 14: Sovereignty and equality of states. 15: Jurisdictional competence. 16: Privileges and immunities of foreign states. 17: Diplomatic and consular relations. 18: Reservations from territorial sovereignty. Part VII - Rules of attribution (apart from territorial sovereignty and state jurisdictions):. 19: The relations of nationality. 20: Some rules of attribution: Corporations and specific assets. Part VIII - The Law of Responsibility:. 21: The responsibility of states. 22: The admissibility of state claims. 23: A system of multilateral public order: Some incidents of illegality and the concept of jus cogens. Part IX - The Protection of Individuals and Groups:. 24: Injury to persons and property of aliens of state territory. 25: The protection of individuals and groups: Human rights and self-determination. 26: International criminal justice. Part X - International transactions:. 27: The law of treaties. 28: Other transactions including agency and representation. Part XI - Transmissions of rights and duties:. 29: State succession. 30: Other causes of transmission of rights and duties. Part XII - International Organizations and Tribunals:. 31: International organizations. 32: The judicial settlement of international disputes. Part XIII - The Use or Threat of Force by States:. 33: The use or threat of force by states.

INDEX WORDS:
* aggression = aggression = aggressio
* asyl = asylum = turvapaikka
* barn = children = lapset
* skadestånd = compensation = vahingonkorvaus
* diplomati = diplomacy = diplomatia
* diskriminering = discrimination = syrjintä
* verkställande = enforcement = voimaansaattaminen
* jämlik behandling = equal treatment = tasa-arvoinen kohtelu
* ECJ = ECJ = ECJ
* miljöskydd = environmental protection = ympäristönsuojelu
* utlämning = extradition = luovuttaminen
* folkmord = genocide = kansanmurha
* mänskliga rättigheter = human rights = ihmisoikeudet
* humanitär intervention = humanitarian intervention = humanitaarinen interventio
* immunitet = immunity = koskemattomuus
* ICJ = ICJ = ICJ
* införlivande = incorporation = yhdistäminen
* internationell straffrätt = international criminal law = kansainvälinen rikosoikeus
* tolkning = interpretation = tulkinta
* jus cogens = jus cogens = jus cogens
* nationalitet = nationality = kansallisuus
* naturalisering = naturalisation = kansalaistaminen
* PCIJ = PCIJ = PCIJ
* rasdiskriminering = racial discrimination = rotusyrjintä
* sanktioner = sanctions = pakotteet
* reservationer = reservations = varaumat
* självförsvar = self-defence = itsepuolustus
* självbestämmanderätt = self-determination = itsemääräämisoikeus
* suveränitet = sovereignty = suvereniteetti
* statssuccession = state succession = valtioseuraanto
* terrorism = terrorism = terrorismi
* användning av maktmedel = use of force = voimakeinojen käyttö
* kvinnor = women = naiset
* krigsförbrytelser = war crimes = sotarikokset
* CEDAW Committee = CEDAW Committee = CEDAW Committee
* tortyr = torture = kidutus
* NATO-bombning = NATO bombing = NATOn pommitus

NOTE (GENERAL): UN charter-chap.VII; ECHR; AMR; Canadian charter of economic rights and duties; CEDAW; UDHR; Helsinki final act; ICCPR; ICESCR; Vienna convention on the law of treaties; ICJ statute; Vienna convention on diplomatic relations; Geneva conventions; Vienna convention on succession of states; Nurem berg charter;

 
17. Sharp, Paul : Diplomatic theory of international relations, 2009
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Diplomatic theory of international relations / Sharp, Paul, xi, 339 p.. - Cambridge : Cambridge U. P., 2009.

ISBN 978-0-521-75755-3

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: Contents:. Introduction. PART I. Traditions of International Thought and the Disappointment of Diplomacy:. 1. Diplomacy and diplomats in the radical tradition; 2. Diplomacy and diplomats in the rational tradition; 3. Diplomacy and diplomats in the realist tradition. PARTR II. Elements of a Diplomatic Tradition of International Thought: 4. The diplomatic tradition: conditions and relations of separateness; 5. The diplomatic tradition: diplomacy, diplomats and international relations. PART III. Diplomatic Understanding and International Societies:. 6. Using the international society idea; 7. Integration-disintegration; 8. Expansion-contraction; 9. Concentration-diffusion. PART IV. Thinking Diplomatically about International Issues:. 10. Rogue state diplomacy; 11. Greedy company diplomacy; 12. Crazy religion diplomacy; 13. Dumb public diplomacy; Conclusion.

INDEX WORDS:
* diplomati = diplomacy = diplomatia
* globalisering = globalization = globalisaatio
* terrorism = terrorism = terrorismi
* massförstörelsevapen = weapons of mass destruction (=WMD) = joukkotuhoaseet
* suveränitet = sovereignty = suvereniteetti
* immunitet = immunity = koskemattomuus
* EU = EU = EU
* islam = Islam = islaminusko

NOTE (GENERAL): Vienna convention on diplomatic relations; Vienna convention on consular relations;

URL http://www.cambridge.org/uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521757553

 
18. O'Flaherty, Michael ... [ed. by] : Human rights diplomacy, 2011
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Human rights diplomacy : contemporary perspectives / O'Flaherty, Michael ... [ed. by] - (Nottingham studies on human rights ; vol. 1), xvi, 301 p.. - Leiden : Martinus Nijhoff publ., 2011. - ISSN 2211-7342

ISBN 978-90-04-19516-5

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: CONTENTS:. 1. Introduction. 2. Framework for the Analysis of Human Rights Diplomacy, by George Ulrich. 3. A Short Reflection on Human Rights Diplomacy, by Robert Archer. 4. The Role of Human Rights Ambassadors in Human Rights Diplomacy – Perspectives from Spain, by Silvia Escobar. 5. The Human Rights Diplomacy of Small States, by Éamonn Mac Aodha. 6. The European Union as a Human Rights Actor, by Toby King. 7. Human Rights Diplomacy and the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights, by Thomas Hammarberg and Isil Gachet. 8. Human Rights Diplomacy from a UN Perspective: A Complement to Advocacy, by Ibrahim Salama. 9. The United Nations Human Rights Treaty Bodies as Diplomatic Actors, by Michael O’Flaherty. 10. Human Rights Diplomacy of the UN Secretary-General, by Bertrand Ramcharan. 11. Human Rights Diplomacy of the United Nations Security Council, by Joanna Weschler. 12. Conference Diplomacy and Human Rights, by Zdzislaw Kedzia. 13. Human Rights Diplomacy: The NGO Role, by Peggy Hicks. 14. National Human Rights Institutions as Diplomacy Actors, by Kirsten Roberts. 15. The Relevance of the Multi-Stakeholder Approach and Multi-Track Diplomacy for Human Rights Diplomacy, by Wolfgang Benedek.

INDEX WORDS:
* diplomati = diplomacy = diplomatia
* mänskliga rättigheter = human rights = ihmisoikeudet
* EU = EU = EU
* väpnad konflikt = armed conflict = aseellinen selkkaus
* barnsoldater = child soldiers = lapsisotilaat
* klimatförändring = climate change = ilmastomuutos
* brott mot mänskligheten = crimes against humanity = rikos ihmisyyttä vastaan
* counter-terrorism = counter-terrorism = terrorismin vastainen toiminta
* dödsstraff = death penalty = kuolemanrangaistus
* ESK-rättigheter = ESC rights = TSS-oikeudet
* europeiska domstolen för de mänskliga rättigheterna = European Court of Human Rights = Euroopan ihmisoikeustuomioistuin
* yttrandefrihet = freedom of expression = ilmaisuvapaus
* folkmord = genocide = kansanmurha
* god förvaltning = good governance = hyvä hallinto
* ILO = ILO = ILO
* NGO = NGO = NGO
* non-state actors = non-state actors = non-state actors
* HCNM = HCNM = HCNM
* reservationer = reservations = varaumat
* barnets rättigheter = rights of the child = lapsen oikeudet
* suveränitet = sovereignty = suvereniteetti
* rätt till utveckling = right to development = oikeus kehitykseen
* sanktioner = sanctions = pakotteet
* fackföreningar = trade unions = ammattiyhdistykset
* internationella brottmålsdomstolen = international criminal court (ICC) = kansainvälinen rikostuomioistuin
* internationell humanitär rätt = international humanitarian law = kansainvälinen humanitaarinen oikeus
* ICRC = ICRC = ICRC
* den universella granskningen = UPR review = yleismaailmallinen määräaikaistarkastelu

NOTE (GENERAL): UDHR; ICCPR-19; CAT; CEDAW-OP; Migrant workers convention; ECHR; ICESCR; CERD; Vienna declaration and programme of action;

URL http://www.brill.nl/human-rights-diplomacy-contemporary-perspectives

 
19. Koskenniemi, Martti : The politics of international law, 2011
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

The politics of international law / Koskenniemi, Martti, xv, 371 p.. - Oxford : Hart, 2011.

ISBN 978-1-84113-939-5

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: PART I: The Politics of International Law:. 1. Between Apology to Utopia: The Politics of International Law 2. The Politics of International Law – 20 Years Later. Part II: The Law and Politics of Collective Security:. 3. The Place of Law in Collective Security. 4. ‘The Lady Doth Protest Too Much’: Kosovo, and the Turn to Ethics in International Law. PART III: The Politics of Human Rights:. 5. The Effect of Rights on Political Culture. 6. Human Rights, Politics and Love. PART IV: Limits and Possibilities of International Law. 7. Between Impunity and Show Trials. 8. Faith, Identity, and the Killing of the Innocent: International Lawyers and Nuclear Weapons. 9. International Law and Hegemony: a Reconfiguration. 10. What is International Law For?. PART V: The Spirit of International Law:. 11. Between Commitment and Cynicism: Outline for a Theory of International Law as Practice. 12. Style as Method: Letter to the Editors of the Symposium. 13. Miserable Comforters: International Relations as New Natural Law. 14. The Fate of Public International Law: Between Technique and Politics.

INDEX WORDS:
* aggression = aggression = agressio
* kollektivt självförsvar = collective self-defence = kollektiivinen itsepuolustus
* internationell sedvanerätt = customary international law = kansainvälinen tapaoikeus
* diplomati = diplomacy = diplomatia
* europeiska domstolen för de mänskliga rättigheterna = European Court of Human Rights = Euroopan ihmisoikeustuomioistuin
* grundläggande rättigheter = fundamental rights = perusoikeudet
* folkmord = genocide = kansanmurha
* mänskliga rättigheter = human rights = ihmisoikeudet
* humanitär intervention = humanitarian intervention = humanitaarinen interventio
* straffrihet = impunity = rankaisemattomuus
* internationella domstolar = international courts = kansainväliset tuomioistuimet
* ICJ = ICJ = ICJ
* jus cogens = jus cogens = jus cogens
* legitimitet = legitimacy = legitimiteetti
* naturrätt = natural law = luonnonoikeus
* rätt till liv = right to life = oikeus elämään
* rättsstatsprincip = rule of law = oikeusvaltioperiaate
* självbestämmanderätt = self-determination = itsemääräämisoikeus
* suveränitet = sovereignty = suvereniteetti
* statsansvar = state responsibility = valtiovastuu
* terrorism = terrorism = terrorismi
* tortyr = torture = kidutus
* användning av våld = use of force = voimakeinojen käyttö
* WHO = WHO = WHO
* WTO = WTO = WTO
* krigsförbrytelser = war crimes = sotarikokset
* prövningsmarginal = margin of appreciation = harkintamarginaali

NOTE (GENERAL): Vienna convention on the law of treaties; UN charter; Cartagena protocol; Charter of Paris; CRC; ECHR; EU charter of fundamental rights; Framework convention on climate change, Treaty of Lisbon; Kyoto protocol; Montreal convention against aerial terrorism; UDHR; Vienna convention on the law of treaties; Convention on the law of the sea;

URL http://www.hartpub.co.uk/books/details.asp?isbn=9781841139395

 
20. Wilson, Gary : The United Nations and collective security, 2014
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

The United Nations and collective security / Wilson, Gary, xv, 247 p.. - London : Routledge, 2014.

ISBN 978-0-415-50589-5

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: CONTENTS. 1. The concept of collective security. 2. The UN Charter's system of collective security. 3. A brief overview of the UN era. 4. Diplomatic responses to security threats. 5. The use of non-military sanctions. 6. Peacekeeping. 7. Military enforcement action. 8. Regional arrangements and the UN collective security system.

INDEX WORDS:
* kollektiv säkerhet = collective security = kollektiivinen turvallisuus
* sanktioner = sanctions = pakotteet
* diplomati = diplomacy = diplomatia
* Säkerhetsrådet = Security Council = Turvallisuusneuvosto
* fredsbevarande styrkor = peace-keeping forces = rauhanturvajoukot
* fredlig lösning av tvister = dispute settlement = riitaisuuksien rauhanomainen selvittäminen
* användning av maktmedel = use of force = voimakeinojen käyttö
* väpnad konflikt = armed conflict = aseellinen selkkaus
* NATO = NATO = NATO
* ECOWAS = ECOWAS = ECOWAS
* internationella organisationer = international organizations = kansainväliset järjestöt
* FN = UN = YK
* fred och säkerhet = peace and security = rauha ja turvallisuus

NOTE (GENERAL): UN charter


24.11.1999